CHI SAO - STICKY HANDS
How can one become capable of self-defense—even as someone who might be lighter and weaker compared to a bigger, stronger opponent?
One must learn to use all available body weapons—intuitively, without lengthy decision-making, quickly and powerfully, while applying intelligent tactics and strategies!
From finger jabs to outer and inner knife hands, palm strikes, punches, backfists, various elbow attacks, knee strikes (front, inside, and outside), shin attacks, stop kicks, stomping kicks, and sweeps—you must know all the body’s weapons, their applications, and how to use them skillfully.
In a stressful self-defense situation, you clearly don’t have time—no time for deliberation. If you must think about how to defend yourself, it’s usually too late. You need to react instinctively and reflexively with the right weapon and body movement, relying on movement patterns you’ve drilled and refined endlessly.
This is precisely why we train and use the so-called Chi Sao training in Wing Chun—also known as "sticky hands."
In the following articles, I explain the value of Chi Sao training, what partner drills or sections are, how exercises are structured into sections, and the purpose of each section.
Enjoy!
Cord Elsner
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CHI SAO - STICKY HANDS
Wing Chun without Chi Sao is unimaginable. It’s one of the hallmarks of this unique Kung Fu style. Through Chi Sao training, one not only learns to master body weapons but also how to apply all the concepts and principles of the system in practice. This ingrains movement patterns into the body so they can be accessed under stress, instinctively and without conscious thought—a significant advantage in self-defense situations. Read more here.
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THE STRUCTURE OF CHI SAO SECTIONS / PARTNER DRILLS
Chi Sao exercises are highly diverse and serve various purposes. Some emphasize specific body weapons, while others focus on strategies, concepts, and principles. Depending on the Wing Chun style, Chi Sao exercises may be structured or taught without an apparent order. A very efficient organizational method is to arrange the exercises into so-called sections or partner drills. Here, I explain the commonly encountered structure of these sections. Read more here.
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DAN CHI SAO – SINGLE-ARMED CHI SAO
A beginner starts Chi Sao training, which is usually performed with both arms, using just one arm to simplify the complex coordination required and prevent overwhelming the student. This type of exercise is called "single-armed Chi Sao" or "Dan Chi Sao." Read more here about the beginning of Chi Sao training.
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POON SAO – FOLDING, BENDING, OR ROLLING ARMS
The next stage for a beginner, after learning the Dan Chi Sao exercise block, is Poon Sao. Poon means rolling, folding, or bending, and it refers to one of the three possible reactions when encountering an opponent’s arm. Thus, Poon Sao translates to rolling, folding, or bending arms and represents the fundamental movement from which all subsequent Chi Sao partner drills derive. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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1ST CHAM KIU CHI SAO SECTION
Once a beginner has mastered the Dan Chi Sao exercises and Poon Sao as the foundational movement—and understands both—they are introduced to the concepts and principles of the Wing Chun system through the exercises in the 1st Cham Kiu Chi Sao Section (1st CK-CS-S). Topics include protection, establishing contact with the opponent, chain techniques, flanking attacks, defense vs. attack concepts, push and pull dynamics, building spring energy, and much more. All of this is taught in the 1st Cham Kiu Chi Sao Section. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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2ND CHAM KIU CHI SAO SECTION
Our body’s joints connect adjacent bones, allowing flexion, extension, and rotation. When a Wing Chun fighter encounters a joint while attacking the opponent’s neck, it is immediately manipulated—either as an extension or flexion lock. The goal is always joint destruction. This approach is the core content of the 2nd Cham Kiu Chi Sao Section. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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3RD CHAM KIU CHI SAO SECTION
The 3rd Cham Kiu Chi Sao Section (3rd CK-CS-S) focuses on practicing body weapons and their application under Wing Chun concepts and principles. Techniques such as the horizontal elbow and knife-hand strikes are introduced, along with sector and gate transitions. These are drilled alongside Wing Chun’s bridging concepts. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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4TH CHAM KIU CHI SAO SECTION
The 4th Cham Kiu Chi Sao Section is often referred to as the "double punch section." This section trains techniques like simultaneous punches executed on different levels (upper and middle). Comparable to the Scissor Gan (simultaneous cutting on the upper and middle levels), the 4th Cham Kiu Chi Sao Section (4th CK-CS-S) is also a preparatory exercise for wooden dummy and double-knife techniques. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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5TH CHAM KIU CHI SAO SECTION
Key elements of the 5th Cham Kiu Chi Sao Section (5th CK-CS-S) include backward techniques, specific footwork (e.g., long steps), and, being a Cham Kiu section, bridging concepts. Techniques such as Poon Kiu, Da Kiu, and Tan Kiu are introduced here. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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6TH CHAM KIU CHI SAO SECTION
The 6th Cham Kiu Chi Sao Section focuses on knife-hand techniques—specifically Fak Sao. This section highlights that Wing Chun is a weapon-based system, where hands and arms are used like blades. Fak Sao, a chopping motion, mirrors a cutting knife, targeting areas such as the neck or lower ribs. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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7TH CHAM KIU CHI SAO SECTION
The 7th Cham Kiu Chi Sao Section (7th CK-CS-S) concludes the Cham Kiu sections, which, although incorporating elements from Biu Tze and wooden dummy techniques, primarily focus on Cham Kiu bridging concepts and foundational principles. In this section, symmetrical movements (both sides of the body moving identically) are practiced. The 7th section foreshadows the content of the 5th Mok Yan Chong Chi Sao Section (5th wooden dummy Chi Sao Section) as a kind of preliminary exercise. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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1ST BIU TZE CHI SAO SECTION
The 1st Biu Tze Chi Sao Section (1st BT-CS-S) begins the series of Biu Tze sections, which incorporate movements from the Biu Tze form. Techniques such as elbows, finger jabs, cutting knife-hands, and specialized hooking motions are studied. The characteristic emergency nature of Biu Tze is emphasized through its specific methods. The first Biu Tze Section focuses on elbow techniques (Kap, Kwai, and Pai Jarn) and displays knife-like movements from the Bart Cham Dao form in unarmed partner drills. Wing Chun remains a knife-based system. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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2ND BIU TZE CHI SAO SECTION
After focusing on elbows in the 1st Biu Tze Chi Sao Section, the 2nd Biu Tze Chi Sao Section (2nd BT-CS-S) introduces additional cutting movements, particularly Chan Sao, the spade hand, which is essentially an unarmed, cutting motion targeting the neck. Combined with Fak Sao, powerful chain techniques are created, drilled into the body, and refined under the emergency principles of Biu Tze. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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3RD BIU TZE CHI SAO SECTION
The 3rd Biu Tze Chi Sao Section (3rd BT-CS-S) focuses on techniques such as Biu Fak Sao, a cutting knife-hand, performed alongside special turning movements (pivot steps, etc.) and joint-destroying locks. As before, the knife-based thinking of the system is evident, as Biu Fak Sao consistently targets areas like the neck or carotid artery and can be executed both armed and unarmed. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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4TH BIU TZE CHI SAO SECTION
What do beginners often hear? Wing Chun strikes along the centerline, as the shortest distance between two points is a straight line. While mathematically correct, in a confrontation, there’s little time for geometry. Depending on the need, you attack both straight and with circular hooks. The 4th Biu Tze Chi Sao Section focuses on Biu Tze hooks and circular attacks under emergency conditions. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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1ST MOK YAN CHONG CHI SAO SECTION
The 1st Mok Yan Chong Chi Sao Section (1st MYC-CS-S / 1st Wooden Dummy Section) starts the large block of Chi Sao partner drills incorporating movements and techniques derived from the wooden dummy. Topics include flanking strategies, three-level control, sector/gate theory, short power, and more—all extensively practiced. The 1st MYC-CS-S focuses on clinching techniques, neck pulls, and takedowns ending on the ground. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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2ND MOK YAN CHONG CHI SAO SECTION
The 2nd Mok Yan Chong Chi Sao Section (2nd MYC-CS-S / 2nd Wooden Dummy Section) builds upon the first section due to the similarity of the first two sets of the wooden dummy form. Clinching and takedown techniques are also emphasized in this section. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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3RD MOK YAN CHONG CHI SAO SECTION
The 3rd Mok Yan Chong Chi Sao Section (3rd MYC-CS-S / 3rd Wooden Dummy Section) focuses on three-level control and axis-breaking techniques that bend the opponent. Evasive maneuvers, defensive work through Pak Sao, followed immediately by knife-hand strikes (Fak Sao), neck pulls combined with simultaneous low strikes, and more are practiced in this section. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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4TH MOK YAN CHONG CHI SAO SECTION
The 4th Mok Yan Chong Chi Sao Section (4th MYC-CS-S / 4th Wooden Dummy Section) introduces partner drills targeting the lower levels—the legs. Side kicks combined with destabilizing pulling motions, securing techniques, and other movements form the core of this block. Takedowns dominate the section, with all actions ending on the ground. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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5TH MOK YAN CHONG CHI SAO SECTION
The 5th Mok Yan Chong Chi Sao Section (5th MYC-CS-S / 5th Wooden Dummy Section) features simultaneous attacks with both arms, symmetry, double attacks targeting the neck with Chan Sao (spade hand), and takedown techniques using strikes to the opponent’s knee. Core content includes controlling the opponent with subsequent takedowns using kicks (stomping kicks). Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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6TH MOK YAN CHONG CHI SAO SECTION
Po Pai, the butterfly hands, are double-push movements used to attack the opponent, either with short power to cause damage or with strong pushes to create distance. Po Pai is a core technique of the 6th Mok Yan Chong Chi Sao Section (6th MYC-CS-S / 6th Wooden Dummy Section). Techniques include consecutive attacks to the lower and upper levels, opening the path to the neck with door-opener techniques. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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7TH MOK YAN CHONG CHI SAO SECTION
The 7th Mok Yan Chong Chi Sao Section (7th MYC-CS-S / 7th Wooden Dummy Section) focuses on the crossing stomp kick, one of Wing Chun’s best-known takedown techniques. The section also drills the combination of spade-hand and knife-hand techniques (Chan Sao and Fak Sao) and introduces the crossing emergency kick. Please register or log in to read the article for free.
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8TH MOK YAN CHONG CHI SAO SECTION
The 8th Mok Yan Chong Chi Sao Section (8th MYC-CS-S / 8th Wooden Dummy Section) concludes the series with the remaining shadowless kicks from the wooden dummy form. These include pivot kicks, stop kicks, sweeping kicks, and stomping kicks—all targeting joint destruction on the lower level and takedown techniques. The opponent must be brought to the ground and incapacitated to eliminate further threats. This is pure Wing Chun. Please register or log in to read the article for free.